Key issues on Code of Good Practice on Equal Pay for Work of Equal ValueThe Code of Good Practice on Equal Pay / Remuneration for Work of Equal Value in terms of the Employment Equity Act (EEA) provides practical guidance to employers and employees on how to apply the principle of equal pay / remuneration for work of equal value in their workplaces (as previously regulated in the EEA and the regulations pursuant thereto. In doing so, it eliminates unfair discrimination in respect of pay / remuneration. The Code applies to all employers and employees that are covered by the EEA. © Andriy Popov – 123RF.com It states in order to eliminate unfair discrimination, employers must take steps to eliminate differences in terms and conditions of employment, including pay/remuneration, of employees who perform the same or substantially similar work or work of equal value that are directly or indirectly based on any other arbitrary ground in terms of section 6(1) of the EEA. Differences based on any of the listed or any other arbitrary ground may constitute unfair discrimination. Key issuesWhen examining whether the obligation to apply pay/remuneration equity in the workplace is being complied with, three key issues require attention:
In order to determine the value of a job in applying the principle of equal pay/remuneration for work of equal value, an objective assessment, in accordance with relevant and appropriate criteria, must be undertaken. The basic criteria used to valuate jobs are:
These four criteria should form part of every job evaluation and are generally regarded as being sufficient for evaluating all the tasks performed in an organisation, regardless of the economic sector in which the enterprise operates. However, the weighting attached to each of these factors may vary depending on the sector, employer and the job concerned. The Code also acknowledges that discrimination in pay/remuneration based on the sex of employees is prevalent, to a greater or lesser degree, in all countries. In light of this, employers may be required to establish the value of male- and female-dominated jobs in order to be able to determine whether particular jobs have been undervalued and to align female-dominated jobs with comparable male-dominated jobs in the organisation. The fact that there are no comparable male-dominated jobs to female-dominated jobs within the employer's organisation does not necessarily imply that there is no discrimination on the grounds of sex or gender. A female employee, who can show that a male employee who is employed to perform the same work and would have been employed on different terms and conditions, will be able to succeed in a claim for breach of section 6(4) of the EEA (that is, unfair discrimination will have been found to have occurred). Once jobs have been evaluated and/or graded, the various jobs are to be allocated pay/remuneration packages in accordance with the pay/remuneration philosophy of the employer and the value of the jobs. Employers are required to ensure that unfair discrimination does not occur at any of these stages. Defining unfair discriminationIt is not unfair discrimination if the differentiation in pay/remuneration is not based on a listed or arbitrary ground. The EEA regulations provide that differentiation is not unfair discrimination if the difference is fair and rational and based on any one or more of the following grounds:
These factors may not be used to determine pay/remuneration in a manner that is biased or indirectly discriminates against an employee or group of employees based on a listed or arbitrary ground in terms of section 6(1) of the EEA. Code processThe Code provides for a process to be used when evaluating jobs for the purpose of equal pay/remuneration for work of equal value. In terms of this process, an employer must:
About the authorJacques Van Wyk, Director, Andre van Heerden, Associate and Brittany Feldman, Candidate Attorney - Werksmans Attorneys |